What's New in the Summer 2026 PDF Library
New Entries
Entries With Substantive Content Changes
- 18th Century German Aesthetics (Paul Guyer)
- Abhidharma (Noa Ronkin)
- Africana Philosophy (Lucius T. Outlaw Jr.)
- Aristotle’s Biology (James Lennox and Mariska Leunissen)
- Beauty (Crispin Sartwell)
- Classical Logic (Stewart Shapiro and Teresa Kouri Kissel)
- Curry’s Paradox (Lionel Shapiro and Jc Beall)
- Deflationism About Truth (Bradley Armour-Garb, Daniel Stoljar, and James Woodbridge)
- Dharmakīrti (Tom Tillemans)
- Disability and Justice (Jessica Begon, Daniel Putnam, David Wasserman, Jeffrey Blustein, and Adrienne Asch)
- Ernst Mally (Alexander Hieke, Gerhard Zecha, and Hamid Taieb)
- Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (Vincent C. Müller)
- Evolution (Roberta L. Millstein)
- Experimental Philosophy (Justin Sytsma, Kevin Reuter, and Pascale Willemsen)
- Formal Learning Theory (Oliver Schulte)
- Friedrich Albert Lange (Nadeem J. Z. Hussain, Lydia Patton, and Elisabeth Widmer)
- Géraud de Cordemoy (Fred Ablondi)
- Gilbert Ryle (Julia Tanney)
- Gómez Pereira (José Manuel García Valverde)
- Greek Sources in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy (Cristina D’Ancona)
- Heinrich Rickert (Andrea Staiti and Luca Oliva)
- Henri Poincaré (Gerhard Heinzmann and David Stump)
- Ibn Sina’s Metaphysics (Olga Lizzini)
- Idealism (Paul Guyer and Rolf-Peter Horstmann)
- Imre Lakatos (Alan Musgrave and Charles Pigden)
- Inheritance Systems (Ehud Lamm)
- International Distributive Justice (Michael Blake and Patrick Taylor Smith)
- Kant’s Social and Political Philosophy (Frederick Rauscher)
- Korean Confucianism (Kevin N. Cawley)
- Locke On Freedom (Samuel Rickless)
- Logical Truth (Mario Gómez-Torrente)
- Loyalty (John Kleinig)
- Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (Lev Vaidman)
- Martin Buber (Michael Zank and Zachary Braiterman)
- Michel Foucault (Gary Gutting and Johanna Oksala)
- Molecular Genetics (Ken Waters and Marcel Weber)
- Moritz Schlick (Thomas Oberdan and Friedrich Stadler)
- Nāgārjuna (Jan Christoph Westerhoff)
- Normative Economics and Economic Justice (Marc Fleurbaey)
- Omnipotence (Joshua Hoffman and Gary Rosenkrantz)
- Omnipresence (Edward Wierenga)
- Paraconsistent Logic (Graham Priest, Koji Tanaka, and Zach Weber)
- Paul Grice (Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner)
- Personalism (Thomas D. Williams and Jan Olof Bengtsson)
- Petitionary Prayer (Scott A. Davison)
- Phenomenal Intentionality (David Bourget and Angela Mendelovici)
- Philosophy of Microbiology (Maureen A. O’Malley and Emily C. Parke)
- Plato (Richard Kraut)
- Political Representation (Suzanne Dovi and Wendy Salkin)
- Practical Reason and the Structure of Actions (Elijah Millgram and Margaret Bowman)
- Questions (Charles Cross and Floris Roelofsen)
- Realism (Alexander Miller)
- Reid’s Ethics (Terence Cuneo)
- Robert Nozick’s Political Philosophy (Eric Mack)
- Roman Ingarden (Amie Thomasson)
- Russell’s Moral Philosophy (Charles Pigden)
- Śāntarakṣita (James Blumenthal and James Apple)
- Scientific Representation (Roman Frigg and James Nguyen)
- Simpson’s Paradox (Jan Sprenger and Naftali Weinberger)
- Spinoza’s Epistemology and Philosophy of Mind (Karolina Hübner)
- The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction (Georges Rey)
- The Donation and Sale of Human Eggs and Sperm (Reuven Brandt, Stephen Wilkinson, and Nicola Williams)
- The Donation of Human Organs (Martin Wilkinson and Stephen Wilkinson)
- The Ethics of Manipulation (Robert Noggle)
- The Notation in Principia Mathematica (Bernard Linsky)
- Theoretical Terms in Science (Holger Andreas)
- Theories of the Common Law of Torts (Arthur Ripstein)
- Thermodynamic Asymmetry in Time (Craig Callender)
- The Rule of Law (Kristen Rundle and Jeremy Waldron)
- Virtue Ethics (Rosalind Hursthouse and Glen Pettigrove)
- William Heytesbury (Miroslav Hanke and Elzbieta Jung)
- William Penbygull (Alessandro Conti)
Entries With Minor Corrections
- Absolute and Relational Space and Motion: Classical Theories (Carl Hoefer, Nick Huggett, and James Read)
- Alberic of Paris (Heine Hansen and Boaz Faraday Schuman)
- Ancient Political Philosophy (Melissa Lane)
- Animal Consciousness (Michael Trestman, Jonathan Birch, and Colin Allen)
- Artificial Intelligence (Selmer Bringsjord and Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu)
- Baruch Spinoza (Steven Nadler)
- Bodily Awareness (Frédérique de Vignemont)
- Buddha (Mark Siderits)
- Causal Determinism (Carl Hoefer)
- Constructivism in Metaethics (Carla Bagnoli)
- Disability: Definitions and Models (David Wasserman and Sean Aas)
- Disagreement (Bryan Frances and Jonathan Matheson)
- Epistemology in Classical Indian Philosophy (Stephen Phillips and Anand Vaidya)
- Feminist Metaphysics (Katharine Jenkins, Matthew Cull, Sally Haslanger, and Ásta)
- Feminist Political Philosophy (Noëlle McAfee and Katie B. Howard)
- Heidegger’s Aesthetics (Iain Thomson)
- Informal Logic (Leo Groarke)
- Korean Buddhism (Lucy Hyekyung Jee)
- Language and Testimony in Classical Indian Philosophy (Madhav Deshpande)
- Legal Obligation and Authority (Massimo Renzo and Leslie Green)
- Logical Empiricism (Richard Creath)
- Madhyamaka (Richard Hayes)
- Medieval Philosophy (John Marenbon)
- Metaphysics (Peter van Inwagen, Meghan Sullivan, and Sara Bernstein)
- Mind in Indian Buddhist Philosophy (Christian Coseru)
- Molyneux’s Problem (Brian Glenney, Gabriele Ferretti, and Marjolein Degenaar)
- Moral Anti-Realism (Richard Joyce)
- Moral Disagreement (Folke Tersman)
- Moral Responsibility (Matthew Talbert)
- Natural Properties (Cian Dorr)
- Nicolai Hartmann (Keith Peterson and Roberto Poli)
- Panpsychism (Philip Goff, William Seager, and Sean Allen-Hermanson)
- Philosophy of Mathematics (Leon Horsten)
- Plato’s Ethics and Politics in The Republic (Eric Brown)
- Principia Mathematica (Bernard Linsky and Andrew David Irvine)
- Properties (Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti)
- Qualia: The Knowledge Argument (Martine Nida-Rümelin and Donnchadh O Conaill)
- Realism and Anti-Realism about Metaphysics (Mark Balaguer)
- Reid on Memory and Personal Identity (Rebecca Copenhaver)
- Reproducibility of Scientific Results (Fiona Fidler and John Wilcox)
- Rigid Designators (Joseph LaPorte)
- Robin George Collingwood (Giuseppina D’Oro and James Connelly)
- Russell’s Paradox (Harry Deutsch, Oliver Marshall, and Andrew David Irvine)
- Skepticism About Moral Responsibility (Gregg Caruso)
- Sorites Paradox (Diana Raffman and Dominic Hyde)
- Suicide (Michael Cholbi and Brent Kious)
- Supererogation (David Heyd)
- Susan Stebbing (Michael Beaney and Siobhan Chapman)
- The Analysis of Knowledge (Jonathan Ichikawa and Matthias Steup)
- The Chinese Room Argument (David Cole)
- The Computational Theory of Mind (Michael Rescorla)
- The History of Utilitarianism (Julia Driver)
- The Logic of Conditionals (Paul Egré and Hans Rott)
- The Nonidentity Problem (M. A. Roberts)
- The Problem of Dirty Hands (C.A.J. Coady)
- The Problem of the Many (Brian Weatherson)
- The Theory of Two Truths in India (Sonam Thakchoe)
- Thought Experiments (James Robert Brown and Yiftach Fehige)
- Tiantai Buddhism (Brook Ziporyn)
- Transformative Experience (Rebecca Chan)
- Vasubandhu (Jonathan C. Gold)
- William David Ross (Anthony Skelton)
- Yogācāra (Szilvia Szanyi)
